ADHD in Adults: Symptoms, Signs & Effective Treatment Options – Joanne Martelli, PMHNP-BC

You’ve always been “scatterbrained” or “lazy”—but what if there’s more to it? Perhaps you misplace keys every day, space out in meetings, or initiate projects that never get done. You may attribute it to stress or burnout, but here’s the reality: More than 15.5 million U.S. adults—about 6 percent—live with a current ADHD diagnosis, but many are undiagnosed or undertreated. Unlike hyperactive kids, adults with ADHD often suffer in silence, blaming themselves for struggles that are actually neurological.

The good news? Recognizing ADHD in adults is the first step toward thriving, not simply surviving. Whether you’re a busy parent, a professional juggling deadlines, or someone who has always felt “different,” this isn’t about defects. It’s about understanding how your brain operates and developing appropriate strategies.Joanne Martelli, PMHNP-BC, is an expert in the diagnosis and management of adult ADHD. Let’s dissect the symptoms, why adults with ADHD are frequently overlooked, and what to do.

1. What Is ADHD in Adults?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning across various settings (work, social, home). Although diagnosed in childhood, ADHD frequently continues into adulthood, but shifts in presentation. In adults, hyperactivity can manifest as a sense of restlessness or mental overdrive instead of actual fidgeting. Notably, ADHD is not merely “being scatterbrained”—it is a reflection of underlying brain structure and neurotransmitter regulation (specifically dopamine and norepinephrine) differences that influence executive functions like planning, attention, and impulse control.

2. How Common Is ADHD in Adults?

  • The overall prevalence of current adult ADHD in the US is estimated at 4.4 percent, with higher rates in men (5.4 percent) than women (3.2 percent).
  • Current CDC data set 6.0 percent of US adults—approximately 15.5 million individuals—with a formal ADHD diagnosis.
  • Over half of adults with ADHD are diagnosed in adulthood, which suggests a huge reservoir of undiagnosed individuals until later life.

These statistics highlight that ADHD in adults is not uncommon and that many individuals go through life unaware of the source of their difficulty. 

3. Adult ADHD Symptoms: What to Watch For

Inattention

  • Difficulty sustaining focus on tasks, leading to careless mistakes
  • Chronic forgetfulness—missing appointments, misplacing items
  • Trouble organizing, setting priorities, and completing multi-step projects

Hyperactivity & Restlessness

  • Feeling internally restless, needing to stay “busy” mentally, even in calm situations
  • Difficulty relaxing or sitting through long meetings

Impulsivity

  • Interrupting others in conversation and blurting out comments
  • Making spur-of-the-moment decisions that may have negative consequences
  • Preferring immediate rewards over long-term goals

Adults must display a minimum of five of these signs for six months across several settings—home, work, or society—and demonstrate some evidence of some of these symptoms prior to age 12 to qualify according to DSM-5.

4. Why Many Adults Go Undiagnosed

Childhood Masking & Misdiagnosis

Milder ADHD can be controlled by supportive parents or teachers, only to erupt under adult demands. Girls and women, tending to have inattentive instead of hyperactive symptoms, are particularly likely to be missed in childhood.

Evolving Life Demands

Parenting, career demands, and multifaceted social roles can overwhelm coping mechanisms that previously worked, catapulting ADHD challenges into the spotlight.

5. Getting a Diagnosis: The Adult ADHD Diagnosis Process

  1. Initial Screening & History
    Your clinician assesses current symptoms and childhood behavior through interviews and rating scales (e.g., Wender Utah Rating Scale).
  2. Collateral Information
    Partner, family, or friends who know them well provide feedback that aids in the confirmation of early-onset symptoms.
  3. Rule-Out Other Conditions
    Assessments screen for mood disorders, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and substance abuse that may present as ADHD.
  4. Mental Status & Cognitive Testing
    Some have used computerized tests (e.g., CPT) to measure attention and executive function.
  5. Final Evaluation
    Adults require five or more DSM-5 symptoms compared to six for children with definite impairment in daily life.

6. ADHD Treatment for Adults: Options Beyond Medication

Although stimulant medications (methylphenidate, amphetamines) are very effective, a lot of adults receive ADHD treatment without medication or adjunctive measures.

Psychosocial Interventions

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Targets thought-behavior patterns, improves organization and time-management skills.
  • Behavioral Therapy: Focuses on habit formation and environmental restructuring to reduce distractions.

Coaching & Skills Training

  • ADHD Coaching: Provides accountability and assists goal-setting, leveraging “big-picture” perspectives to translate motivation into action.
  • Executive Function Coaching: Teaches planning, prioritization, and task-breakdown strategies.

Workplace & Educational Accommodations

  • Under the ADA, accommodations that are reasonable (flexible work schedules, noise-cancelling headphones) maximize performance.

Lifestyle & Self-Help

  • Daily routines, reminders, and organization aids (planners, apps) provide daily assistance.

7. ADHD Therapy for Adults: Evidence-Based Approaches

  • CBT for ADHD: CBT decreases primary symptoms and enhances emotional control, gains persisting at six-month follow-up, research indicates.
  • Mindfulness-Based Techniques: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) increases attentional control and decreases impulsivity.
  • Group Therapy: Peer education and mutual strategies in group environments increase motivation and decrease isolation.

Each therapeutic modality can be tailored, often combined, to meet individual needs.

8. Practical Tips: What to Do Next

  1. Self-Screen & Educate
    Use proven online screening instruments (e.g., World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) to raise concerns.
  2. Find a Specialist
    Consult specialists in ADHD—psychiatrists, psychologists, or psychiatric nurse practitioners such as Joanne Martelli, PMHNP-BC.
  3. Gather Collateral Reports
    Ask close contacts to share observations from childhood and adulthood.
  4. Start Small
    Implement one organization strategy—like a daily to-do list—and build habits gradually.
  5. Explore Therapy & Coaching
    Try one session of CBT or an ADHD coach to gauge fit and benefit.
  6. Consider a Trial of Medication
    Even if hesitant, a brief, monitored trial can clarify the medication’s role in your plan.

9. Turning ADHD into Strengths

Adult ADHD brings unique strengths:

  • Creativity & Innovation: Divergent thinking fuels problem-solving.
  • High Energy & Enthusiasm: When harnessed, hyperactivity drives persistence and resilience.
  • Hyper-focus: Intense concentration on interests leads to deep expertise and productivity.

These traits become assets in careers, relationships, and creative pursuits with the right support.

10. Conclusion: You’re Not Broken—You Just Think Differently

If this blog spoke to you, take a big breath. ADHD is not a life sentence to chaos; it is a different operating system. Maybe you’ll constantly misplace your phone or run late, but with the correct tools, those habits don’t have to ruin your life.

The next step? Become curious, not critical. Take an online ADHD screener or write down symptoms that feel like déjà vu. Knowledge is power, and for many adults, an ADHD diagnosis unlocks self-compassion and finally being able to play to their strengths.Ready to learn more? Joanne Martelli’s practice provides adult ADHD assessments in Chandler, AZ, with remote access. Call (623) 692-9933 or schedule an appointment. Because you deserve to thrive, not just cope.